Talk:Gas exchange

Educational assignment

Hello, I am a final year biology student currently taking part in a science communication course. As part of the course, I will be editing the Gas Exchange wiki.

The educational assignment is now complete, but I will continue to edit over the coming weeks.

Untitled

Hi i'm a third year Biology undergraduate planning on editing this page as part of a science communication module on my course. Any suggestions would be really helpful thanks.

2001:630:12:1020:E8A4:57CA:7D47:7DAA (talk) 14:38, 19 March 2013 (UTC)

2012-01-13 edits by MarXidad

I removed some dangling stuff without actually cleaning up the rest, which may have still left the article in a weird state but less obvious that it needs help and I apologize for this. MarXidad (talk) 16:48, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

...

e from "ventilation". Should this page discuss ventilation systems or should it have its own article? (Granted, complete information on ventilation systems would warrant a full article, but it might be a while before we get enough.)

--Furrykef 16:27, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

How about stuff on the actual chemical changes in gas exhange in red blood cells?

Convection?

The article references convection as being responsible for much of the movement of gases in/out of lungs. Erm, I don't think that's right (just look at the article on convection to see what I mean), but can't think of what's meant instead. Any ideas anyone? --Plumbago 13:19, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

@Plumbago I think you are correct. The movement of gases into and out of the lungs can be explained using Boyle's Law. The diaphragm contracts, increases volume, decreases pressure, and air moves from high (atmospheric) pressure and low (intrapulmonary) pressure. --Ebarbye (talk) 01:01, 15 June 2010 (UTC)

I think the correct term for the exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood is diffusion (as is mentioned in the article) the movement of oxygen from the local area of the lungs to all the cells throughout the rest of the body is still diffusion. It is diffusion down a concentration gradient rather than convection down a heat gradient. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 118.209.11.249 (talk) 12:29, 1 September 2010 (UTC)

While oxygen does diffuse from the alveoli to the capillaries, it does not diffuse from the lungs to the rest of the body. That process is known as perfusion, driven by the pumping action of the heart. We would all be dead if we had to wait for oxygen to simply diffuse from the lungs to the brain or elsewhere. Look at the Human Physiology/The respiratory system Wikibook to get much better information than what is in this article. I feel bad for any student that relies on this article for their information as it stands now; I will be sure to warn mine about it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Catha2008 (talk • contribs) 00:35, 18 August 2011 (UTC)

some refs

$ eutilsnew -v -out xxxx '"gas exchange" diffusion anhydrase' Count is 12 versus 12 first3=WJ | last4= | first4= | title=Towards improved artificial lungs through biocatalysis. | journal=Biomaterials | volume=28 | issue=20 | pages=3131-9 | date=Jul-2007 | year=2007 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17433433 | pmid=17433433 | doi=10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.03.021 | pmc=10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.03.021 }}

Jonk, AM; Olfert, IM; Wray, DW; Arai, T; Hopkins, SR; Wagner, PD (15-Mar-2007). "Effect of acetazolamide on pulmonary and muscle gas exchange during normoxic and hypoxic exercise". The Journal of physiology. 579 (Pt 3): 909–21. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.120949. PMC 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.120949. PMID 17218362. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Griffiths, H; Badger, MR; von Caemmerer, S (Feb-2007). "Discrimination in the dark. Resolving the interplay between metabolic and physical constraints to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity during the crassulacean acid metabolism cycle". Plant physiology. 143 (2): 1055–67. doi:10.1104/pp.106.088302. PMC 10.1104/pp.106.088302. PMID 17142488. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Swenson, ER; Kerr, ME; Bidani, A (Dec-2002). "Inhibition of aquaporin-mediated CO2 diffusion and voltage-gated H+ channels by zinc does not alter rabbit lung CO2 and NO excretion". Clinical science (London, England : 1979). 103 (6): 567–75. doi:10.1042/. PMC 10.1042/. PMID 12444909. {{cite journal}}: Check |doi= value (help); Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Desforges, PR; Gilmour, KM; Perry, SF (Feb-2002). "Sensitivity of CO2 excretion to blood flow changes in trout is determined by carbonic anhydrase availability". American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology. 282 (2): R501-8. PMID 11792660. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Gálvez, S; Wycoff, KL; Hunt, S; Layzell, DB; Kondorosi, A; Crespi, M (Nov-2000). "Oxygen regulation of a nodule-located carbonic anhydrase in alfalfa". Plant physiology. 124 (3): 1059–68. PMID 11080283. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Henry, RP (Jun-2000). "The distribution and physiological significance of carbonic anhydrase in vertebrate gas exchange organs". Respiration physiology. 121 (1): 1–12. PMID 10854618. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Gillon, JS (May-2000). "Internal conductance to CO(2) diffusion and C(18)OO discrimination in C(3) leaves". Plant physiology. 123 (1): 201–14. PMID 10806237. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

DeCoursey, TE (Jan-2000). "Hypothesis: do voltage-gated H(+) channels in alveolar epithelial cells contribute to CO(2) elimination by the lung?". American journal of physiology. Cell physiology. 278 (1): C1–C10. PMID 10644504. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Heming, TA; Gros, G; Bidani, A; Crandall, ED (Nov-1986). "Effects of dextran-bound inhibitors on carbonic anhydrase activity in isolated rat lungs". Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 61 (5): 1849–56. PMID 2430932. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Bidani, A; Forster, RE (May-1978). "Analysis of postcapillary pH changes in blood in vivo after gas exchange". Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology. 44 (5): 770–81. PMID 25860. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Davies, DG (Sep-1975). "Gas-blood PCO2 gradients during avian gas exchange". Journal of applied physiology. 39 (3): 405–10. PMID 240800. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

stomata

$ eutilsnew -v -xml -out xxxx '"gas exchange" stomata review' Count is 8 versus 8

Sirichandra, C; Vlad, F; Valon, C; Leung, J (2009). "The guard cell as a single-cell model towards understanding drought tolerance and abscisic acid action". Journal of experimental botany. 60 (5): 1439–63. doi:10.1093/jxb/ern340. PMC 10.1093/jxb/ern340. PMID 19181866. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Casson, S (2008). "Influence of environmental factors on stomatal development". The New phytologist. 178 (1): 9–23. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02351.x. PMC 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02351.x. PMID 18266617. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Morison, JI (Sep-2007). "Does lateral gas diffusion in leaves matter?". Plant, cell & environment. 30 (9): 1072–85. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01685.x. PMC 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01685.x. PMID 17661748. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Bergmann, DC (2007). "Stomatal development". Annual review of plant biology. 58: 163–81. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.58.032806.104023. PMC 10.1146/annurev.arplant.58.032806.104023. PMID 17201685. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Mott, KA (Feb-2007). "Stomatal patchiness and task-performing networks". Annals of botany. 99 (2): 219–26. doi:10.1093/aob/mcl234. PMC 10.1093/aob/mcl234. PMID 17085471. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Lendzian, KJ (2006). "Survival strategies of plants during secondary growth: barrier properties of phellems and lenticels towards water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide". Journal of experimental botany. 57 (11): 2535–46. doi:10.1093/jxb/erl014. PMC 10.1093/jxb/erl014. PMID 16820395. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Long, SP (Nov-2003). "Gas exchange measurements, what can they tell us about the underlying limitations to photosynthesis? Procedures and sources of error". Journal of experimental botany. 54 (392): 2393–401. doi:10.1093/jxb/erg262. PMC 10.1093/jxb/erg262. PMID 14512377. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Rahn, H; Ar, A (1987). "Pores and gas exchange of avian eggs: a review". The Journal of experimental zoology. Supplement : published under auspices of the American Society of Zoologists and the Division of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry / the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology. 1: 165–72. PMID 3298530.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

field induced gas delivery

no obvious relevant literature, $ eutilsnew -v -xml -out xxxx 'hemoglobin oxygen carbon electric field ' Count is 3 versus 3

Pesce, A; Ascenzi, P; Geuens, E; Dewilde, S; Moens, L; Bolognesi, M; Riggs, AF; Hale, A; Deng, P; Nienhaus, GU; Olson, JS; Nienhaus, K (6-Aug-2004). "Thr-E11 regulates O2 affinity in Cerebratulus lacteus mini-hemoglobin". The Journal of biological chemistry. 279 (32): 33662–72. doi:10.1074/jbc.M403597200. PMC 10.1074/jbc.M403597200. PMID 15161908. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

Kushkuley, B (Feb-1997). "Theoretical study of the electrostatic and steric effects on the spectroscopic characteristics of the metal-ligand unit of heme proteins. 2. C-O vibrational frequencies, 17O isotropic chemical shifts, and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants". Biophysical journal. 72 (2 Pt 1): 899–912. PMID 9017215. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Gonser, U (Nov-1965). "Mössbauer effect in hemoglobin and some iron-containing biological compounds". Biophysical journal. 5 (6): 823–44. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(65)86754-6. PMC 10.1016/S0006-3495(65)86754-6. PMID 5884013. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

wide selection of hemoglobin reviews

$ eutilsnew -v -xml -out xxxx 'hemoglobin "gas delivery"' Count is 3 versus 3

Balaban, DY; Mardimae, A; Slessarev, M; Han, JS; Wells, GD; Duffin, J; Iscoe, S; Fisher, JA; Preiss, D (Dec-2009). "A simple and portable breathing circuit designed for ventilatory muscle endurance training (VMET)". Respiratory medicine. 103 (12): 1822–7. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2009.07.012. PMC 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.07.012. PMID 19679458. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Huang, SL; Kim, H; Moody, MR; Chrzanowski, SM; Macdonald, RC; McPherson, DD (11-Aug-2009). "Nitric oxide-loaded echogenic liposomes for nitric oxide delivery and inhibition of intimal hyperplasia". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 54 (7): 652–9. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.04.039. PMC 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.04.039. PMID 19660697. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Monzyk, BF; Carleton, LM; Busch, J; Dasse, KA; Martin, PM; Gilbert, RJ. "Photolytically driven generation of dissolved oxygen and increased oxyhemoglobin in whole blood". ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992). 52 (4): 456–66. doi:10.1097/01.mat.0000219086.39192.9a. PMC 10.1097/01.mat.0000219086.39192.9a. PMID 16883128. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help)

$ eutilsnew -v -xml -out xxxx 'hemoglobin review "gas exchange"' Count is 62 versus 62

Moon, RE; Stolp, BW; Camporesi, EM (Feb-2009). "Pulmonary gas exchange in diving". Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 106 (2): 668–77. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91104.2008. PMC 10.1152/japplphysiol.91104.2008. PMID 19008484. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Storz, JF (2008). "Mechanisms of hemoglobin adaptation to high altitude hypoxia". High altitude medicine & biology. 9 (2): 148–57. doi:10.1089/ham.2007.1079. PMC 10.1089/ham.2007.1079. PMID 18578646. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Calbet, JA; Lundby, C; Boushel, R (Jun-2008). "Is pulmonary gas exchange during exercise in hypoxia impaired with the increase of cardiac output?". Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquée, nutrition et métabolisme. 33 (3): 593–600. doi:10.1139/h08-010. PMC 10.1139/h08-010. PMID 18461116. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Wagner, PD (Apr-2008). "The biology of oxygen". The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 31 (4): 887–90. doi:10.1183/09031936.00155407. PMC 10.1183/09031936.00155407. PMID 18378783. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Hainsworth, R (30-Sep-2007). "Cardiovascular adjustments for life at high altitude". Respiratory physiology & neurobiology. 158 (2–3): 204–11. doi:10.1016/j.resp.2007.05.006. PMC 10.1016/j.resp.2007.05.006. PMID 17597013. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Huicho, L (30-Sep-2007). "Postnatal cardiopulmonary adaptations to high altitude". Respiratory physiology & neurobiology. 158 (2–3): 190–203. doi:10.1016/j.resp.2007.05.004. PMC 10.1016/j.resp.2007.05.004. PMID 17573246. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Weber, RE (30-Sep-2007). "High-altitude adaptations in vertebrate hemoglobins". Respiratory physiology & neurobiology. 158 (2–3): 132–42. doi:10.1016/j.resp.2007.05.001. PMC 10.1016/j.resp.2007.05.001. PMID 17561448. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Rombough, P (Dec-2007). "The functional ontogeny of the teleost gill: which comes first, gas or ion exchange?". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 148 (4): 732–42. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.03.007. PMC 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.03.007. PMID 17451987. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Deem, S (2006). "Red blood cells and hemoglobin in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction". Advances in experimental medicine and biology. 588: 217–31. PMID 17089892.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Dabrowski, W; Wyciszczok, T; Falk, J (2006). "[Human oxygen metabolism at high altitudes]". Wiadomo?ci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960). 59 (3–4): 238–41. PMID 16813271.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Morgan, TJ (Mar-1999). "The oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve in critical illness". Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine. 1 (1): 93–100. PMID 16599868. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Köhler, D; Criée, C (Feb-2006). "[Pathophysiological basis of mechanical ventilation]". Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany). 60 (2): 100–10. doi:10.1055/s-2005-919155. PMC 10.1055/s-2005-919155. PMID 16463251. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Levy, MM (Nov-2005). "Pathophysiology of oxygen delivery in respiratory failure". Chest. 128 (5 Suppl 2): 547S–553S. doi:10.1378/chest.128.5_suppl_2.547S. PMC 10.1378/chest.128.5_suppl_2.547S. PMID 16306052. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Antoszewski, Z; Strza?kowski, A; Kuszewski, K; Antoszewski, L (Apr-2005). "[Some problems of human gas balance]". Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 18 (106): 465–8. PMID 16161936. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Vidal Melo, MF (2004). "Clinical respiratory physiology of the neonate and infant with congenital heart disease". International anesthesiology clinics. 42 (4): 29–43. PMID 15577698.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Paul, RJ; Lamkemeyer, T; Seidl, M; Pirow, R (Nov-2004). "Control of oxygen transport in the microcrustacean Daphnia: regulation of haemoglobin expression as central mechanism of adaptation to different oxygen and temperature conditions". Acta physiologica Scandinavica. 182 (3): 259–75. doi:10.1111/j.1365-201X.2004.01362.x. PMC 10.1111/j.1365-201X.2004.01362.x. PMID 15491405. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Jensen, FB (Nov-2004). "Red blood cell pH, the Bohr effect, and other oxygenation-linked phenomena in blood O2 and CO2 transport". Acta physiologica Scandinavica. 182 (3): 215–27. doi:10.1111/j.1365-201X.2004.01361.x. PMC 10.1111/j.1365-201X.2004.01361.x. PMID 15491402. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

León-Velarde, F (12-Aug-2004). "Avian embryos in hypoxic environments". Respiratory physiology & neurobiology. 141 (3): 331–43. doi:10.1016/j.resp.2004.02.010. PMC 10.1016/j.resp.2004.02.010. PMID 15288603. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Boemke, W; Rossaint, R (May-2004). "[Blood gas analysis]". Der Anaesthesist. 53 (5): 471–92, quiz 493-4. PMID 15222335. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Kutty, K (Mar-2004). "Sleep and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". Current opinion in pulmonary medicine. 10 (2): 104–12. PMID 15021179. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Deem, S (15-Mar-2004). "Nitric oxide scavenging by hemoglobin regulates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction". Free radical biology & medicine. 36 (6): 698–706. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2003.11.025. PMC 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2003.11.025. PMID 14990350. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Finer, NN (2004). "Surfactant use for neonatal lung injury: beyond respiratory distress syndrome". Paediatric respiratory reviews. 5 Suppl A: S289-97. PMID 14980286.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

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Hopkins, SR (2001). "Common themes of adaptation to hypoxia. Insights from comparative physiology". Advances in experimental medicine and biology. 502: 153–67. PMID 11950136.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Maina, JN (Oct-2000). "What it takes to fly: the structural and functional respiratory refinements in birds and bats". The Journal of experimental biology. 203 (Pt 20): 3045–64. PMID 11003817. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Val, AL (Apr-2000). "Organic phosphates in the red blood cells of fish". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 125 (4): 417–35. PMID 10840217. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Nathan, AT (1999). "The oxygen trail: tissue oxygenation". British medical bulletin. 55 (1): 96–108. PMID 10695081.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Pelster, B (Dec-1999). "Environmental influences on the development of the cardiac system in fish and amphibians". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 124 (4): 407–12. PMID 10682238. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Brouillette, RT (Jan-1997). "Evaluation of the newborn's blood gas status. National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry". Clinical chemistry. 43 (1): 215–21. PMID 8990256. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

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Torrance, RW (1996). "Carbon monoxide excretion, not oxygen secretion?". Advances in experimental medicine and biology. 410: 335–9. PMID 9030321.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

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Wagner, PD (May-1995). "Limitations of oxygen transport to the cell". Intensive care medicine. 21 (5): 391–8. PMID 7665748. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

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Rossaint, R; Gerlach, H; Falke, K (Jun-1994). "[Therapy of ARDS. 2. New management methods--first clinical experiences]". Der Anaesthesist. 43 (6): 364–75. PMID 8048771. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

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Disputed

What is disputed? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.52.102.72 (talk) 19:01, 26 November 2011 (UTC)

A good part of what is written is not written clearly and that may lead to why some things are disputed. I am wondering about most of the "Ventilation" section.

The blood is subjected to a transient electric field (QRS waves of the EKG) in the heart, which dissociates molecules of different charge. The blood, being a polar fluid, aligns dipoles with the electric field, is released, a then oscillates in a damped driven oscillation to form Y or Osborn Waves, V, U, and Y waves. The electric field exposure and subsequent damped driven oscillation dissociate gas from hemoglobin, primarily CO2, but more important, BPG, which has a higher affinity for hemoglobin than does oxygen, due in part to its opposite charge. Completely dissociated hemoglobin (which will even effervesce if the electric field is too strong — the reason defibrillation joules are limited, to avoid bubble emboli that may clog vessels in the lung) enters the lung in red blood cells ready to be oxygenated.

This make no sense. An Osborn wave, also known as a J wave, is seen on an ECG in hypothermic patients, a U wave is a normal ECG variant, and a V wave is seen when observing jugular venous pressure (as is a "y" wave). CO2 and O2 binding to hemoglobin is driven locally by pH and gas concentration (see Hemoglobin). Defibrillation joules are limited because higher amounts directly damage the myocardium. I have never heard of cardiac electrical activity having any influence on gas exchange, so I suggest that this all gets greatly clarified and referenced. Perhaps it should just be removed because it is far too technical and misleading for anyone using Wikipedia.--Kris (talk) 18:53, 30 December 2011 (UTC)

I agree and I removed it. | pulmonological ^{talk • contribs} 04:10, 31 December 2011 (UTC)

This article is looking much better. The next section on pulmonary physics, I am wondering about some statements--and they may be right but they don't quite match my understanding. I don't understand what the first sentence is trying to say--that pressures in the lungs are due to the atmosphere? What about pressure changes with air movement? I also thought that the drop in PO2 in the trachea and alveoli had to do with the mixing of the atmospheric air with air being exhaled, which seems to contradict the first sentence.

I also think the diffusion section needs a lot of work, as that is the crux of gas exchange, IMHO. It only looks at the CO2 side and not O2. While it correctly states that CO2 binds to globin, O2 binds to the iron portion of the heme molecule. The hemoglobin article does an excellent job explaining this in the Structure and Oxyhemoglobin sections. Commonly CO2 is said to have 3 forms in the blood, 10% dissolved (the part that diffuses), 70% in the form of bicarbonate, and 20% bound to hemoglobin; so you can see that how it is written now is right but vague.--Kris (talk) 03:50, 2 January 2012 (UTC)

Edits on Feb 23, 2017

The summary states that I only added two new diagrams, but I then inadvertently pressed "enter", before completing the summary. I also changed the name of the section from "In humans" to "In mammals" as everything in that section applies to all the mammals and not just to humans. I also replaced some of the references with anatomical details gleaned from "Gray's Anatomy" which is a much more authoritative source than Tortora et al. I also added the medullary pH and CO₂ sensor, which was somehow left out during the earlier editing efforts.

These improvements have now also been made to the Respiratory system#Gas exchanger article. Cruithne9 (talk) 10:47, 23 February 2017 (UTC)

Irregular use of symbols

The use of symbols in some sections is not the norm for use in prose in pages. It is for the use of equations and formulas. See fuller note on Breathing talk page.--Iztwoz (talk) 11:15, 19 June 2017 (UTC)

It actually goes against the guidelines see WP:CHEM Symbols - can someone change these ? --Iztwoz (talk) 13:27, 3 July 2017 (UTC)

Sum of partial pressures?

I thought that breathing involves essentially adding a C atom to an O2 molecule, thus the sum of partial pressures of O2 + CO2 should be constant. Apparently it's not. So what's my error? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Smurfix (talk • contribs) 08:38, 26 December 2017 (UTC)